Friday, October 8, 2010

Here is a timeline of events that helped shape the Industrial Revolution. I found it on the internet, and although I did not mention that I would be posting a timeline up in my assignment brief, I thought it was to detailed and to good to pass up.
So here it is, a complete listing of all the main technological advancements to take place from 1563 - 1908.




1563Rev. William Lee, born at Woodborough near Nottingham, invents the Stocking Frame, a mechanical device for knitting stockings.
1692
Languedoc Canal connects the Mediterranean with the Bay of Biscay. 240 miles long, with 100 locks, 3 major aqueducts, 1 tunnel, and a summit reservoir.  The largest canal project between Roman times and the nineteenth century.
1708
Jethro Tull's mechanical (seed) sower permits large-scale planting in rows, for easier cultivation between the rows.
1709
Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron ore, replacing wood and charcoal as fuel.
1712
Thomas Newcomen builds first commercially successful steam engine. Able to keep deep coal mines clear of water. First significant power source other than wind and water.
1733
John Kay's flying shuttle.
1758
First threshing machine.
1761
James Brindley's Bridgewater Canal opens. Barges carry coal from Worsley to Manchester.
1765
James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny, automating weaving the warp (in the weaving of cloth).
1769
Arkwright's "water" (powered) frame automates the weft.
1772
Bridgewater Canal extended to the Mersey, thus connecting with Liverpool. Its success kicks off extensive canal construction ("canal mania").
1775
Watt's first efficient steam engine, much more efficient than the Newcomen. 
1777
Grand Trunk Canal establishes a cross-England route connecting the Mersey to the Trent and connecting the industrial Midlands to the ports of Bristol, Liverpool, and Hull.
1779
First steam powered mills. Crompton's "mule" combines Hargreaves' and Arkwright's machines, fully automating the weaving process.
1786
Arkwright puts a Watt engine in the Albion cotton mill, Blackfriars Bridge, London.
1787
Cartwright builds a power loom.
1789
Thames-Severn Canal links the Thames to the Bristol Channel.
1792
William Murdock (James Watt's assistant) lights his home with coal gas.
1793
Eli Whitney develops his cotton gin (a device to clean raw cotton).
1793-
1803
Thomas Telford builds his two great iron aqueducts, over the Dee and the Cierog valleys.
1801
Robert Trevithick demonstrates a steam locomotive.
1803-22
Caledonian Ship Canal cuts clear across Scotland via the Great Glen.
1807
Robert Fulton's Clermont first successful steamboat.
1811-15 
Luddite riots: laborers attack factories and break up the machines they fear will replace them.
1821
Faraday demonstrates electro-magnetic rotation, the principle of the electric motor.
1825
Marc Brunel invents a tunnelling shield, making subaqueous tunnelling possible.
1826-42
Brunel builds the first subaqueous tunnel, under the Thames.
1827
Berkeley Ship Canal connects Sharpness (on the Severn) to Gloucester.
1830
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway begins first regular commercial rail service.
1831
Faraday discovers electro-magnetic current, making possible generators and electric engines.
1834
Charles Babbage develops his analytic engine--the forerunner of the computer.
Fox Talbot produces photographs.
1837
Morse develops the telegraph and Morse Code. Great Western--first ocean-going steamship.
1838
Daguerre perfects the Daguerrotype.
1839
Fox Talbot introduces photographic paper.
1843
Great Britain--first large, iron, screw-propelled steamship.
1844Commercial use of Morse's telegraph (Baltimore to Washington).
1846
Pneumatic tire patented
First telegraph cable laid under the Channel. 
1849
Monier develops reinforced concrete.
1850
Petrol (gasoline) refining first used.
Natural Science Honours School established at Oxford.
1851
Singer invents first practical sewing machine.
Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge.
1854
Bessemer invents steel converter.
1855
Regius Chair of Technology founded at Edinburgh. 
1856
W.H. Perkin produces aniline dyes, permitting brightly colored cottons.
1857
Pasteur experiments with fermentation.
1858
First Trans-Atlantic Cable completed
Cathode rays discovered.
1859
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species.
Edwin Drake strikes oil in Pennsylvania.
Etienne Lenoir demonstrates the first successful gasoline engine.
1860
Science degrees at University of London.
1863
Siemens-Martin open hearth process (along with the Bessemer converter) makes steel available in bulk. Steel begins to replace iron in building: steel framing and reinforced concrete make possible "curtain-wall" architecture--i.e., the skyscraper.
1867
Alfred Nobel produces dynamite, the first high explosive which can be safely handled.
1873
Christopher Sholes invents the Remington typewriter.
James Clerk Maxwell states the laws of electro-magnetic radiation
1876
Bell invents the telephone.
1877
Edison invents the phonograph.
1878
Microphone invented.
1879
Edison invents the incandescent lamp.
1883
First skyscraper (ten stories) in Chicago.
The Brooklyn Bridge opens. This large suspension bridge, built by the Roeblings (father and son), is a triumph of engineering.
1884
Maxim invents the machine gun, making possible mass slaughter and beginning the mechanization of warfare. 
1885
Benz develops first automobile to run on internal- combustion engine. 
1888
Hertz produces radio waves.
1889
Eiffel Tower.
1892
Rudolf Diesel invents his namesake.
1895
Lumière brothers develop Cinematograph.
Roentgen discovers X-rays.
1896
Marconi patents wireless telegraph.
1897
Joseph Thomson discovers particles smaller than atoms.
1899
Aspirin invented.
1900
First Zeppelin built. 
1901
Marconi transmits first trans-Atlantic radio message (from Cape Cod).
1903
Wright brothers make first powered flight.
1908
Henry Ford mass-produces the Model T.



Citation:


1. National University of Singapore 2010, The Industrial Revolution: A timeline (2010), Singapore, viewed, 30th August 2010.
< http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/ir/irchron.html>


 

1 comment:

  1. Pretty impressive blog Andrew. You've played around with your options and taken some design risks with mixed success. Love your images and your content is excellent. Some of the type is difficult to read over the background images and although it's a valid inclusion, I'm not sure how well the timeline works aesthetically. I'm really lokling forward to seeing whare you go with this!
    Linda

    ReplyDelete